90-Second Read: What is Hantavirus, and why is a cruise ship outbreak attracting global attention?

A rare virus carried by rodents has infected 13 people and killed three during an outbreak linked to an Antarctic cruise ship, which has triggered a global public health response led by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The outbreak involves Andes virus, a type of Hantavirus that is mainly found in South America. The outbreak was first reported in early May after several passengers developed severe respiratory illness. According to the WHO, all 13 cases were passengers or crew members aboard the cruise ship MV Hondius.

The investigation has also involved the United Kingdom, the United States, Cabo Verde, Argentina, and Chile, while health authorities are monitoring more than 600 contacts across 32 countries, territories, and areas. The cruise ship carried passengers and crew from multiple countries, and health authorities across several continents have been involved in tracing contacts and monitoring potential exposures. For those who had close contact with confirmed Andes virus cases, WHO advises monitoring for symptoms and following public health guidance. Eleven cases have been laboratory confirmed, while two are considered probable cases.

Hantaviruses are a group of viruses carried by rodents. In North and South America, infection can lead to Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), a serious disease that affects the lungs and can cause death. Most Hantavirus infections are caused by contact with infected rodents or contaminated environments. However, the Andes virus is unusual because it is the only Hantavirus known to spread between people.

Experts are still studying how the virus spread on the cruise ship. However, the outbreak highlights how infectious diseases can quickly become an international concern through modern travel. WHO said HPS can have a death rate of between 40 and 50 per cent, particularly among older people and those with existing health conditions.